Bintan island is one of Indonesia’s national priority regencies of climate resilience for the marine and coastal sectors. Over the past ten years, this area has also had the highest frequency of disaster events within the province, where climate-related hazards were dominant. Therefore, it is necessary to receive public support for climate policies within the region. From this point of view, this paper aims to explore the local evidence of climate change, anthropogenic pressure which worsens climate hazards, and the linkage with local policies. The primary data source was a climate data set of observations from 1976–2021, land use change information from 1990–2020, historical climate-related hazards, and related current policy documents. The region’s air temperature has continuously increased over 45 years, with the positive standardized precipitation index (SPI) being dominant. Meanwhile, the wind speed has decreased since 2015, with the highest extreme record occurring in February 2021. Moreover, climate-related threats occurred more than 70 times in Bintan from 2011 to 2021, where forest fires and floods tended to worsen. Another anthropogenic source, such as land use change, also puts significant pressure on the part where the open land has increased by 187%, and vegetation area has decreased by 51.1%. This condition makes these small islands vulnerable to climate change, especially climate-related hazards. However, in the regional development plan document 2021–2026, climate change adaptation is not one of the local priority issues, but their concern about disaster mitigation is quite severe. The local authorities work on hard and soft infrastructure to implement disaster risk reduction but less for ecosystem-based solutions. However, promoting adaptation efforts in the local policy document is still necessary for sustainable development at the local level.