Rapid global changes (population growth, urbanization and frequent extreme weather conditions) cumulatively affected local water bodies and resulted in unfavorable hydrological, ecological, and environmental changes in major river systems. Particularly, communities in the isolated riverine islands are worse affected due to their poor adaptive capacities, which is well documented in the contemporary literature. The focal point for the vulnerability of these people lies in the water resources (drinking water availability, agricultural water quality, salt-water intrusion, flooding etc.) and the future interaction between human and water systems. With above background, socio-hydrology can be very relevant approach for enhancing social adaptive capacity as well as for developing resilient water environment. This proposed work strives to explore how nexus of human–water relations can be applied to improve adaptive measures to maintain hydrological cycle along with managing local water needs. Socio-hydrological models will be used to quantify the feedbacks between water resources and society at multiple scales with aim to expedite stakeholder participation for its sustainable management. The expected result will be helpful to sketch projection of alternatives that explicitly account for plausible and co-evolving trajectories of socio-hydrological system, which will yield both insights into cause–effect relationships and help stakeholders to identify safe functioning space.