Rapid global changes cumulatively affected local water bodies and resulted in unfavourable hydrological, ecological, and environmental changes in major river systems. Particularly, communities in the isolated riverine islands are worse affected due to their poor adaptive capacities, which is well documented in the contemporary literature. The focal point for the vulnerability of these people lies in the water resources (drinking water availability, agricultural water quality, salt-water intrusion, flooding, etc.) and the future interaction between humans and water systems. With the above background, socio-hydrology can be a very relevant approach for enhancing social adaptive capacity as well as for developing a resilient water environment. This proposed work strives to explore how the nexus of human–water relations can be applied to improve adaptive measures to maintain the hydrological cycle along with managing local water needs and human well-being. Socio-hydrological models will be used to quantify the feedback between water resources and society at multiple scales with the aim to expedite stakeholder participation for its sustainable management. Study areas selected for this research were Sagar (Ganges River, India), Dakshin Bedkashi (Padma River, Bangladesh), and Con Dao Island (Mekong River, Vietnam).