This study analysed flood dynamics in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta (VMD) from 2001 to 2023, using Terra MODIS MOD09A1 remotely sensed imagery data on the Google Earth Engine platform. The workflow includes data collection, preprocessing, flood extraction, and analysis of flood dynamics. We used the R programming language to analyse flood extent, duration, distribution, and frequency. The results show that the Long Xuyen Quadrangle (LXQ) and Plain of Reeds (PoR) experienced the highest flood frequency during the peak flood period from September to November. After the high dyke development in 2000, the flooded area decreased in the upper VMD, while it increased in the middle VMD, leading to an overall reduction in the flooded area during peak flood months (September-November), from 18-23.7% in 2001 to 5.7-18.8% in 2023. Additionally, flood duration and magnitude in the VMD gradually decreased, from more than 120 days in 2001 to approximately 60 days in 2018. These results provide a comprehensive overview of flood dynamics in the VMD, offering helpful insights for developing effective measures to manage and adapt to future flood changes, thereby supporting the livelihoods of residents and stabilising the region’s economic development.