The demand for rice is expected to double by 2050, a challenging target in the midst of competing demands for resources, and a changing and variable climate. Required production increases must be achieved sustainably. Productivity increases must focus on combinations of intervention actions at all levels. This requires systems thinking supported by simulation modelling to integrate disciplinary knowledge and provide proactive evaluation of technologies and policies. This project uses in-country RD&E combined with modelling to design more efficient rice systems. We will increase the systems analytical capacities of scientists and organisations, and strengthen a network of researchers. On-going communication with all stakeholders, particularly policy makers will be central.