The main objective of the research was to assess resilience and characterization of diverse farming systems in hilly areas in South Asia based on their adaptation capacities, with special emphasis on food and nutrition security. The specific objectives were to (1) identify, characterize (species and genetic variation of species -crops, livestock, natural and indicator species and their productivity, socio-economic opportunities and limitations, level of integration and nutrient recycling) and document farming systems and land use patterns in hilly areas of South Asia in detail, (2) assess the technologically important strategies and the resource utilization that lead to sustainability and stability of the farming systems in the study areas, (3) map the climate vulnerability, and food and nutrition and health security of different farming systems at the lowest administrative level, to ascertain the level of present resilience in the study sites, and (4) develop a Climate Resilient Index (CRI) to estimate the climate resilience of farming systems in the study sites, a Social Vulnerability Index (SVI), and Adaptation Index (AI) in line with Global Adaptation Index (GAIN) to capture the degree of food, nutrition and health insecurity of Farming households. The project includes two activities i.e.(1) Identification, characterization and documentation of farming systems and land use patterns in hilly areas of South Asia in detail to identify the differences among them in terms of resource utilization, and sustainable management and (2) Climate vulnerability mapping, food and nutrition and health security mapping of different farming systems at the lowest administrative level to assess the level of present resilience
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