In Nepal, agriculture plays a crucial role, contributing to one-third of the national GDP (CBS, 2016), while in Pakistan and Bhutan, it constitutes 23% (Plecher, 2019) and 17% (NSB, 2018) respectively. The sector employs 65%, 60%, and 44% of the population in Nepal (CBS, 2016), Bhutan, and Pakistan (FAO, 2019), respectively. Climate change significantly impacts agriculture in these countries, and addressing these challenges necessitates the adoption of climate-smart agriculture (CSA). However, current CSA efforts are confined to conventional methods, hindering effective adaptation.