Aquatic macrophytes, also known as hydrophytes, hold an important part in wetland ecosystems. This chapter highlights the significance of aquatic macrophytes in wetland ecosystems especially nutrient cycling. The most commonly recognized macrophyte classification includes free-floating and rooted macrophytes, where rooted macrophytes are further categorized into three subclasses, i.e., emergent, floating-leaved, and submerged. These macrophytes have a big impact on biogeochemical processes occurring in the water column as well as sediments. Macrophytes also differ in terms of biomass production, nutrient recycling, and rhizosphere impacts, precisely carbon and oxygen release, along with their ability to act as methane conduit. However, the species of wetland macrophytes are drastically declining due to increasing incidences of cultural eutrophication, leading to their substitution by monoculture species serving as strong competitors. In order to understand the wetland ecosystems in more depth, sediment microorganisms and wetland macrophytes should be studied together as they play an important role in maintaining the wetland ecosystems.