In recent decades, aquatic macrophytes have been recognized as a significant component of aquatic ecosystems, which play an important role in providing environment and ecosystem services. Aquatic macrophytes also play a key role in the production of bioenergy, biochar formation, climate change, photosynthesis, etc. The presence and activity of macrophytes enhance sediment formation, carbon sequestration, natural water purification, remediation of organic and inorganic pollutants, etc. in the aquatic ecosystem. They also provide natural medicines, fibers, biochemicals, and other resources to the human society. There are several evidences that macrophyte diversity enhances the functioning, services, and stability of the ecosystem and provides multiple benefits to human well-being. This chapter delves into the functions and ecosystem services associated with aquatic macrophytes, which play a crucial role in maintaining the health and sustainability of aquatic ecosystems and significantly impact the well-being of human societies.