Biochar is the solid remains of heating biomass in an oxygendepleted environment (Lehmann and Joseph, 2009). Unlike the carbon found in most organic matter, biochar carbon is chemically altered during the heating process and forms into aromatic carbon ring structures that are very resistant to attack by microorganisms (Lehmann et al., 2009). As a consequence, biochar carbon can remain in soil for long periods of time — hundreds to thousands of years — and could be an important method for storing carbon that has been scavenged from the atmosphere during photosynthesis. Biochar can be produced from simple charcoal-making technologies, but unless fugitive emissions and soot are properly controlled, such production methods are likely to produce greenhouse gases such as methane and nitrous oxide and be otherwise unsustainable. Biochar can also be produced from modern technological systems such as pyrolysis and gasification used for generating fuels and/or electricity from biomass, and energy generation is likely to be the main driver for biochar production in the near future.